Comparison of two low dose local anesthetics in combination with morphine for spinal anesthesia for total knee arthroplasty

There is a lack of consensus on the combination doses of local anesthetics and opioids for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. Opioids and local anesthetic combinations are associated with many postoperative side effects at high doses. We aimed to assess the use of the lowest possible doses of intrathecal bupivacaine and morphine for TKA.