Prevention and control of Chagas Disease : an overview
2018
Chagas disease is the main cause of heart failure and sudden death in the Western Hemisphere.
The literature of the last decades reported on the changing epidemiological profiles of Chagas
disease, which now threats the human population in the cities. The exodus of the Latin America
people to the Northern Hemisphere explains the growing concern in countries where the
transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi was accidental or transferred from a mother to her offspring.
Herein, we present the evidence of the possible acquisition of the T. cruzi infection by sex. The
staggering demonstration of the transmission of the T. cruzi infections from males and females to
naive mates by intercourse introduces substantial changes in the surveillance of the Chagas
disease. Notably, the sexual transmission of the T. cruzi introduces changes in the concepts of
medical care, prevention and control; specifically, the risk for the vertical transfer of the parasiteinduced
kDNA mutations, underpinning the genetically driven autoimmunity, inheritance, and
pathogenesis associated with multifaceted clinical manifestations of Chagas disease with high ratios of morbidity and mortality. In this regard, the endemics require much paradigm research with
new approaches and innovation technologies, aiming at its control. For example, the recent
knowledge anticipates useful measures for preventing the potential forthcoming pandemic Chagas
parasites. A long-lasting multicenter research program is needed for creative, drug discovery for
curtailment of Chagas disease. Meanwhile, the prevention shall rely on the education, information,
and communication program for health.
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