SIM and PALM: high-resolution microscopy methods and their consequences for cell biology
2010
The diffraction limit in traditional fluorescence microscopy (approximately 200 and 600 nanometers in lateral and axial
directions, respectively) has restricted the applications in
bio-medical research. However, over the last 10 years various
techniques have emerged to overcome this limit. Each of these techniques has its own characteristics that influence its
application in biology. This paper will show how two of the techniques, Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) and
PhotoActivated Localization Microscopy (PALM), complement each other in imaging of biological samples beyond the
resolution of classical widefield fluorescence microscopy. As a reference the properties of two well known standard
imaging techniques in this field, confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (LSM) and Total Internal Reflection (TIRF)
microscopy, are compared to the properties of the two high resolution techniques.
Combined SIM/PALM imaging allows the extremely accurate localization of individual molecules within the context of
various fluorescent structures already resolved in 3D with a resolution of up to 100nm using SIM. Such a combined
system provides the biologist with an unprecedented view of the
sub-cellular organization of life.
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