Perirenal Space Implantation of Permanent Cardiac Pacemakers in Infants and Small Children
1983
Permanent pacemakers were implanted in 40 children aged one day to 17 years. A new technique, necessitating thoracotomy and lumbotomy, is described briefly. Indications were surgical block in 22 (55%) and congenital block in 18 (45%) patients. Five of 40 (12.5%) died. Reoperation was required 4 times: for electrode problems (3), and wound problem (one). No late infection or wire fractures were noted. The time paced ranged from 7 days to 37 months. All of these patients received lithium units.
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