Indicadores sociodemográficos y seguridad alimentaria en adultos mayores. Zacatecas, México
2018
espanolObjetivo. Identificar y comparar asociacion entre indicadores sociodemograficos y seguridad alimentaria (SA) en dos grupos de adultos mayores: trabajadores del estado y trabajadores informales o autoempleados. Metodo: Investigacion transversal analitica y comparativa en >60 anos, muestreo simple aleatorio y estratificado por edad (60-70, 71-80 y >81) integrada por 134 y 123 sujetos para primero y segundo grupo. Se aplico cuestionario ad hoc para datos sociodemograficos. Regla AMAI, para Nivel Socioeconomico y Escala Latinoamericana y Caribena para seguridad alimentaria (ELCSA). Resultados: predominio femenino en ambas instituciones (56.7% y 74.0%; edad promedio 68.5 y 67.8 anos, respectivamente). En la Inseguridad Alimentaria hubo diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (p=0.001), en los burocratas predomino inseguridad leve con 91% y moderada para los informales, 23.6%. Las mujeres fueron las mas afectadas en ambos grupos en todos los niveles (p=0.004). Los burocratas llegan al 23.85% de SA, los informales al 5.7%, con diferencia significativa (p=0.005). La tendencia sugiere que conforme se incrementa la edad disminuye la seguridad en ambos grupos. El mejor nivel socioeconomico (NSE) se asocio a mayor seguridad alimentaria con Chi2 de Pearson significativa (p=.000). Prevalecio algun tipo de inseguridad alimentaria cuando los sujetos eran viudos o vivian solos con una asociacion significativa de p=0.006. Conclusion: La inseguridad alimentaria es un problema significativamente mayor entre los trabajadores informales. EnglishObjective. Identify and compare the association between sociodemographic indicators and food security (SA) in two groups of older adults: state workers and informal or self-employed workers. Method: Analytical and comparative cross-sectional research in >60 years old, simple random sampling and stratified by age (60-70, 71-80 and >81) inegrated by 134 and 123 subjects for the first and second group. An ad hoc questionnaire was applied for sociodemographic data, the AMAI Rule for the Socioeconomic Level and the Latin American and Caribbean Scale for Food Security (ELCSA). Results: female predominance in both institutions (56.7% and 74.0%; average age 68.5 and 67.8 years, respectively). In the Food Insecurity, there was a significant difference between both groups (p=0.001), in the bureaucrats there prevailed slight insecurity with 91% and moderate for the informal ones, 23.6%. The women were the most affected in both groups at all levels (p=0.004). Bureaucrats reach 23.85% of SA, informal workers reach 5.7%, with significant difference (p=0.005). The trend suggests that as age increases, security in both groups decreases. The best socioeconomic level (NSE) was associated with greater food safety with significant Pearson CHI2 (P=.000). Some type of food insecurity prevailed when the subjects were widowers or lived alone with a significant association of p=0.006. Conclusion: Food insecurity is a significant problem among informal workers.
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