Alterations in microglia and astrocytes in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis by repetitive TRPV1 stimulation on the trigeminal nociceptors

TRPV1 is a nonselective cation channel in nociceptors. TRPV1 stimulation has been shown to lead to the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. However, information on the effect of TRPV1 stimulation on glial activation in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) is