Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Potential Fertility Problems Induced by Exercise. Nutritional and Exercise Strategies to Improve Fertility Disorders

Energy intake and stored energy are positive factors in the equation of energy balance of an individual, while the rate of energy expenditure is the negative factor. Theoretically, when the weight of an individual is stable, energy intake correlates to some degree with the same total energy expenditure. If energy intake were to be significantly less than energy expenditure, then a variable weight and reduced energy availability are highly probable. A negative energy balance can affect fertility. Moreover, along with insufficient energy intake, there may be a poor intake of nutrients such as antioxidant compounds, iron, selenium, and zinc that are important for the reproductive function. The nutritional approach to fertility disorders induced by exercise and those that are diet related is complex. It starts with problem identification and definition of dietary strategies and food education specific to each athlete. This chapter discusses the nutritional approach and different strategies for preventing or correcting fertility defects associated with nutrition and exercise analyzed in Chap. 19. In addition, it will offer potential dietary and exercise guidelines to try to improve or assist in reproductive outcomes (either naturally or through assisted reproductive techniques) in people with specific reproductive pathologies.