Enfoque clínico y epidemiológico del síndrome coronario agudo, una experiencia

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome includes a group of signs and symptoms attributable to an acute ischemia of the myocardium which has a biological, social and economic repercussion on the sufferer; therefore, coronary risk stratification is of vital importance. Objective: To identify the epidemiological characteristics and coronary risk factors and their relationship with the most frequent complications in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in patients who were admitted to the Celestino Hernandez Robau Hospital with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome from September 2015 to December 2016. A total of 168 patients were selected, in a non-probabilistic form, from the study population. Variables such as age, sex, weight, height, risk factors and personal pathological background were studied. Absolute and relative frequency distributions, ratio, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics techniques were used. Results: males predominated (59.52%); the most frequent risk factors were hypertension (68.45%), ischemic heart disease (44.64%), smoking (35.71%), diabetes mellitus (26.79%) and obesity (10.12%), and complications appeared according to the risk factors present: obesity (82.35%), ischemic heart disease (58.67%) and diabetes mellitus (53.33%). Conclusions: The appearance of acute coronary syndrome increases towards the fifth decade of life, with male predominance. Risk factors such as high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity prevailed, which were related to the most frequent complications.