Cell-autonomous immunity by IFN-induced GBPs in animals and plants

Inside host cells, guanylate binding proteins (GBPs) rapidly assemble into large antimicrobial defense complexes that combat a wide variety of bacterial pathogens. These massive nanomachines often completely coat targeted microbes where they act as recruitment platforms for downstream effectors capable of direct bactericidal activity. GBP-containing platforms also serve as sensory hubs to activate inflammasome-driven responses in the mammalian cytosol while in plants like Arabidopsis , GBP orthologues may facilitate intranuclear signaling for immunity against invasive phytopathogens. Together, this group of immune GTPases serve as a major defensive repertoire to protect the host cell interior from bacterial colonization across plant and animal kingdoms.