Vacas a matar. De la dicotomía soberana al umbral biopolítico en ficciones ganaderas del Cono Sur.

RESUMEN: Nudo de tension entre vida biologica e historicidad, la animalidad recorre la serie de mataderos que la critica argentina ha indagado como ficcion soberana, pautada por el dualismo politico. La polarizacion de 1840 plasmada en El matadero de Echeverria, con titubeos narrativos frente a voces y cuerpos animalizados del sector popular, retorna desde mediados del siglo XX en versiones de la dicotomia civilizacion-barbarie, que mantienen la distincion naturaleza-cultura y las coordenadas de historicidad antropocentrica, como la cronica de Walsh que en 1967 enmienda el reparto clasista de Echeverria. El umbral critico de la vida (Agamben) emerge en reescrituras recientes del matadero, donde el flujo del capital atraviesa no solo el cuerpo del trabajador sino lo viviente. Un cuento de Kohan (2009) y una novela de Maia (2013) descubren bajo la dicotomia la complejidad de pasajes entre animales y humanos, donde indagan las economias de relaciones entre vidas protegidas y abandonadas. Confrontando las conflictividades culturales argentina y brasilena, marcadas por el peso de economias agroexportadoras y el dualismo como control de mezclas, estos relatos de trabajadores del ganado inquieren lo difuso del borde vida-muerte tras dos siglos de progreso humanista en America Latina. ABSTRACT: Animality, a knot of tension between biological life and historicity, runs through the series of slaughterhouses that Argentine critics have investigated as sovereign fiction, guided by political dualism. The 1840 polarization embodied in Echeverria´s El matadero (The Slaughterhouse), with narrative hesitations about voices and animalized bodies of popular sector, has returned since the middle of the 20th century in versions of the civilization-barbarity dichotomy, which maintain the nature-culture distinction and the coordinates of anthropocentric historicity, such as Walsh's chronicle that in 1967 amends the class distribution of Echeverria. The critical threshold of life (Agamben) emerges in recent rewritings of the slaughterhouse, where the flow of capital passes through not only the body of the worker but also the living being. A story by Kohan (2009) and a novel by Maia (2013) discover under dichotomy the complexity of passages between animals and humans, where they investigate the economies of relationships between protected and abandoned lives. By confronting Argentine and Brazilian cultural conflicts, both marked by the weight of agro-export economies and dualism as control of mixtures, these stories of cattle workers inquire about the diffuseness of the life-death border after two centuries of humanist progress in Latin America.