Optimal plate position in minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis for mid-shaft clavicle fractures: simulation using 3D-printed models of actual clinical cases

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the optimal anatomical locking plate position using three-dimensional printed models of the clavicle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three-dimensional models of the fractured clavicle were reproduced from seventeen patients who underwent minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) procedures. The fracture location-the percentage of the distal fragment length compared to the entire clavicle-ranged from 30-44%. We evaluated four commercially available plate systems for position and fitting with the bone. After reducing the fracture on each three-dimensional model, we determined the optimal plate and its position. RESULTS: The anatomical plate fitted well when positioned in the middle of the clavicle for a fracture location ranging from 40 to 60%. When the fracture location was 30-40%, the anatomical plate fit well onto the bone model only in 36% of clavicles; otherwise, the reversed position of the anatomical plate or the lateral plate fit well. The anatomical plate was found to be unsuitable when the fracture location was less than 30%; in this case, the lateral plate was the best fit. CONCLUSION: Fitting the anatomical plate in MIPO for clavicle fractures depends on the fracture location. This can help surgeons determine the optimal plate for clavicle MIPO.