Diferencias demográficas de climas motivacionales, necesidades psicológicas básicas y cohesión en jóvenes

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el comportamiento de las variables de clima motivacional (empowering y disempowering), necesidades psicologicas (satisfaccion y frustracion) y cohesion (tarea y social) en funcion del sexo (hombres y mujeres), naturaleza de la actividad fisica (deporte conjunto-individual y educacion fisica) y anos de experiencia deportiva (4 anos o menos, 5 anos o mas); ademas, analizar la interrelacion entre las variables psicologicas. Participaron 237 jovenes deportistas mexicanos (Medad= 12.22, DT = 1.27) de nivel basico. Con respecto a las diferencias en funcion del genero, no hubo diferencias significativas; en cuanto a la naturaleza de la actividad, se presentaron diferencias entre todas las variables psicologicas; por ultimo, en funcion de los anos de experiencia, unicamente el clima empowering mostro diferencia significativa, siendo mayor en los deportistas con menos anos de experiencia. Para poder ser concluyentes en estos resultados es necesario realizar una mayor investigacion. Respecto a la interaccion entre variables, se evidencia la relacion positiva entre el clima empowering, la satisfaccion de las NPB y ambas cohesiones; asi como, el clima disempowering y la frustracion de las NPB. EnglishThe objective of this work is to analyze the behavior of the variables of motivational climate (empowering and disempowering), psychological needs (satisfaction and frustration) and cohesion (task and social) as a function of sex (men and women), nature of physical activity (group-individual sport and physical education) and years of sport experience (4 years or less, 5 years or more); in addition, to analyze the interrelation between the psychological variables. A total of 237 young Mexican athletes (Mage = 12.22, SD = 1.27) of elementary level participated. With respect to the differences according to gender, there were no significant differences; with respect to the nature of the activity, there were differences between all the psychological variables; finally, according to the years of experience, only the empowering climate showed a significant difference, being greater in the athletes with fewer years of experience. In order to be conclusive about these results, further research is needed. Regarding the interaction between variables, there was evidence of a positive relationship between the empowering climate, NPB satisfaction and both cohesions, as well as the disempowering climate and NPB frustration.