Atherosclerosis risk in HIV-infected patients: The influence of hepatitis C virus co-infection

Abstract Background The influence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on atherosclerosis risk in HIV-infected patients has not been adequately evaluated in real-life situations. Objectives and methods We compared indexes of early atherosclerosis evaluated by echo-Doppler ultrasound (presence of plaque in carotid or femoral arteries) in 18 HCV–HIV co-infected patients versus 22 HIV mono-infected patients. Results Prevalence of subclinical carotid plaque was significantly higher in HCV–HIV co-infected patients ( p  = 0.04), despite of the fact LDL-cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) were lower in the co-infected patients ( p  = 0.003). HCV chronic infection (OR = 10; IC: 1.5–72; p  = 0.02) was an independent risk factor. Conclusion This cross sectional study suggests that HCV infection might be an independent cardiovascular risk factor in HCV–HIV co-infected patients. HCV infection might be considered as not only a liver infection but also as a metabolic disease in HIV patients, justifying regular cardiovascular surveillance.