Comparison of different hyperspectral vegetation indices for canopy leaf nitrogen concentration estimation in rice

Background and aims Variations in the water and soil background in the signal path can cause variations in canopy spectral reflectance, which leads to uncertainty in estimating the canopy nitrogen (N) status. The primary objective of this study was to explore the optimum vegetation indices that were highly correlated with canopy leaf N concentration (LNC) but less influenced by the canopy leaf area index (LAI) and vegetation coverage (VC) in rice.