Systemic cryptococcosis in an immune-competent child

Abstract Crytococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that frequently affects immune-compromised patients, although increasingly being detected in the immune-competent host as well. We report a case of disseminated cryptococcosis in a young child in whom no immune deficiency was yet identified. A 4-year-old child presented with high-grade fever, intermittent abdominal pain and generalized skin eruptions for the past two months. He had pallor, firm lymphadenopathy, skin lesions with scarring and firm hepatosplenomegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain and bone-marrow aspiration were normal. Fine-needle-aspiration-cytology of cervical lymph nodes demonstrated Cryptococcus . Serum latex-agglutination test showed a positive titer (1:256). Cryptococcus culture was sterile. The patient received intravenous liposomal amphotericin-B and oral flucytosine for 8 weeks followed by oral fluconazole. Disseminated cryptococcosis with involvement of reticuloendothelial and dermatological systems is rare. Early diagnosis and timely management of associated complications would be life saving.