PLANT REGENERATION THROUGH TISSUE CULTURE OF PEAR MILLET (Pennisetum Glaucum (L) R.)
2009
Many problems were kipt out with immature embryos and shoot explants pieces used ; principally : Calli were initiated in plant flowering periode (every 110 days), and the low percentage of embrogenesis what either the source used. So for Pennisetum Glaucum , new embryogenic calli sources were explored from calli initiation to fertile plant regeneration achieving. About 90 % of dissected shoot apices, seedlings and seeds developed calli. From meristems position, 6 mm of shoot and 20 mm of root developed 50 to 100 % of calli. No embryogenic calli were obtained from root. More than 80 % of dissected apices led to embryogenic calli. Maintained on MS(1. 1. 2,5), MS(5) and N6(1.100.25) culture media, calli embryogenic potential and fertile plants regeneration were conserved for more than 12 months. Characteristics of regenerated plants were similar to control. It appears that dissected shoot apex was a new appropriate tool in tissue culture. Les difficultes liees a utilisation de l\'embryon immature et des explants de tige dans les cultures de tissus sont nombreuses ; dont l\'initiation de cal qui ne se fait que pendant la floraison, pour l\'embryon immature, soit chaque 110 jours, et le faible pourcentage de l\'embryogenese. Pour Pennisetum Glaucum , de nouvelles sources de cals embryogenes ont ete explorees depuis l\'initiation de cal jusqu\'a l\'obtention de plante fertile. Environ 90 % des meristemes apicaux, des germes et des grains ont developpe des cals. A partir des meristemes, seuls 6 mm de tige et 20 mm de racine ont developpe des cals avec un taux de 50 a 100 %. La racine n\'a developpe aucun cal embryogene. Plus de 80 % des cals de meristemes apicaux etaient embryogenes. Les cals maintenus sur MS(1.1.2,5), MS(5) et N6(1.100.25), sont restes embryogenes et ont produit des plantes fertiles pendant au moins 12 mois. Les plantes regenerees ont des caracteristiques semblables aux plantes temoins. Il ressort que le meristeme apical est un nouveau materiel approprie pour la culture de tissus. Keywords : Tissue culture, culture medium, callus induction, shoot apex, Pennisetum Glaucum , Cote d\'Ivoire.; culture de tissus, milieu de culture, induction de cal, meristeme apical, Pennisetum Glaucum , Cote d\'Ivoire. Agronomie Africaine Vol. 15 (3) 2003: pp. 105-121
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