Enhanced ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and ferromagnetism in Nd-modified BiFeO3-BaTiO3 lead-free ceramics

Lead-free multiferroic ceramics of 0.75Bi1−xNdxFeO3 − 0.25BaTiO3 + 1 mol. % MnO2 were prepared by a conventional ceramic technique and their structure, piezoelectricity, and multiferroicity were studied. The ceramics sintered at 890–990 °C possess a pure perovskite structure. A morphotropic phase boundary of rhombohedral and monoclinic phases is formed at x = 0.05. A small amount of Nd improves the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition becomes gradually diffusive with x increasing. After the addition of Nd, the ferromagnetism of the ceramics is greatly enhanced by ∼320%. The increase in sintering temperature improves significantly the ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and ferromagnetic properties of the ceramics. The ceramics with x = 0.05 sintered at 950–990 °C possess improved ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, magnetism and insulation with Pr of 16.5–17.5 μC/cm2, d33 of 113–121 pC/N, Mr of 0.127–0.138 emu/g, R of ∼5 × 109 Ω·cm and high ...