The dose-dependent effect of S(+)-ketamine on cardiac output in healthy volunteers and complex regional pain syndrome type 1 chronic pain patients.
2012
BACKGROUND:Ketamine is used as an analgesic for treatment of acute and chronic pain. While ketamine has a stimulatory effect on the cardiovascular system, little is known about the concentration–effect relationship. We examined the effect of S(+)-ketamine on cardiac output in healthy volunteers and
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