CFD modeling the diffusional losses of nanocluster-sized particles and condensing vapors in 90° bends of circular tubes

Abstract Particle and vapor measurements typically include sampling tubing causing sampling losses therein. Correcting measured concentrations from the sampling losses using the calculated penetration efficiencies of straight tubes is a satisfactory approximation if sub-micrometer particles are of interest. However, in addition to inertial impaction of larger particles, bends in the tubing can cause a significant increase in diffusional losses of particles smaller than 5 nm or of condensing vapor, such as sulfuric acid. Here, the effects of 90° bends with various curvatures (dimensionless curvatures of 1.3 − 67 ) on the diffusional losses in a wide range of Reynolds ( 25 − 10000 ) and Schmidt ( 0.48 − 1400 ) numbers were simulated using computational fluid dynamics. The results were parametrized to output the functions for the penetration efficiencies of a bend.