Genetically modified animals: Options and issues for traceability and enforcement

The past two decades have witnessed the rise of commercial crops that have been genetically modified for an increased suitability in extensive cultivation. Currently, a substantial body of research is being carried out in order to produce Genetically Modified (GM) animals that may similarly yield improvements in animal breeding, genetics and reproduction. Here, we attempt a comprehensive review of the existing trails at animal modification with commercial applications and aimed at a deliberate release onto the market. In addition, we investigate detection and quantification options within the frame of food/feed control and traceability on the European market.