Adequacy of Frequency Reserves for High Wind Power Generation

In this paper, a new methodology is developed to assess the adequacy of frequency reserves to handle power imbalances caused by wind power forecast errors. The goal of this methodology is to estimate the adequate volume and speed of activation of frequency reserves required to handle power imbalances caused due to high penetration of wind power. An algorithm is proposed and developed to estimate the power imbalances due to wind power forecast error following activation of different operating reserves. Frequency containment reserve (FCR) requirements for mitigating these power imbalances are developed through this methodology. Furthermore, the probability of reducing this FCR requirement is investigated through this methodology with activation of different volumes and speed of frequency restoration reserve. Wind power generation for 2020 and 2030 scenarios for Continental Europe network are investigated based on which recommendations are made for requirements of frequency reserves in these scenarios. It has been observed through simulations that FCR requirements reduce exponentially with increase in volume of frequency restoration reserve and remains almost unaffected by increase activation speed of frequency restoration reserve.