Interface chemistry of atomic-scale structures for building bioinspired 3D light-weight and porous architectures

Abstract Low-dimensional atomic layered structures have gained much attention due to their fascinating properties such as surface area, mechanical properties, chemical inertness, conductivity, etc. However, to integrate these outstanding materials into the today’s technology, their structures need to be modified. One of the paths that can be used to integrate these structures into the novel technologies is building three-dimensional structures with inspiration from nature. Nature teaches us how to combine the intrinsic properties of these low-dimensional materials with the novel behavior that originates from the assembly of the macroscopic architecture. In this review, we summarize approaches to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) architectures using low-dimensional nanostructures, which include zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures. Furthermore, we discuss interface interactions between these structures, which is the paramount element for creating robust and efficient 3D structures using these nanomaterial systems.