Silicon high-speed binary phase-shift keying modulator with a single-drive push–pull high-speed traveling wave electrode

We demonstrate binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation using a silicon Mach–Zehnder modulator with a π-phase-shift voltage (Vπ) of −4.5  V. The single-drive push–pull traveling wave electrode has been optimized using numerical simulations with a 3 dB electro-optic bandwidth of 35 GHz. The 32 Gb/s BPSK constellation diagram is measured with an error vector magnitude of 18.9%.