Otological Assessment in Head Injury Patients: A Prospective Study and Review of Literature

Head injuries constitute a tragic problem invariably in under-developed, developed and developing countries. The concomitant otological injuries often go unnoticed. The purpose of this study was to assess the various otological manifestations following head injuries. Prospective study with review of literature using PubMed database was done. All the patients were evaluated for their presenting symptoms and signs. Audiological investigations including PTA (Pure tone audiometry), OAE (Otoacoustic emission), Impedance-Audiometry and BERA were done. HRCT temporal bone was advised in cases of suspicion. Relevant literature was reviewed to calculate the pooled prevalence rates. Random-effects model to synthesize overall effects was used. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistic. Of 53 patients enrolled in the study, RTA was the most common mode of injury. The audiometric findings showed SNHL, CHL and mixed HL in 34, 20 and 18% of patients respectively. HRCT showed Longitudinal fracture (n = 17; 53.12%); isolated mastoid bone fracture (n = 9; 28.12%), transverse (n = 3; 9.37%) and isolated EAC fracture in (n = 3; 9.37%) patients. The pooled prevalence (n = 1106 patients) of SNHL, CHL, Mixed HL and Normal hearing were—35% (95%CI, 18–55%; I2 = 95.20%; P < 0.00), 24% (95%CI, 16–33%; I2 = 80.01%; P < 0.00), 15%(95%CI, 9–23%; I2 = 79.64%; P < 0.00) and 30% (95%CI, 3–66%; I2 = 98.71%; P < 0.00) respectively. The pooled prevalence (n = 4191 patients) of longitudinal, Transverse, mixed and other fractures were—44% (95%CI, 3–66%;I2 = 99.48%; P < 0.00), 9% (95% CI, 4–16%; I2 = 95.95%; P < 0.00), 4% (95%CI, 1–8%; I2 = 94.13%; P < 0.00) and 1% (95%CI, 0–4%; I2 = 90.37%; P < 0.00) respectively. In patients with head injury coordination between the trauma-surgeon, neurosurgeon and otologist is must to improve the long-term outcomes.