The impact of water quality deterioration on macroinvertebrate communities in the Swartkops River, South Africa: a multimetric approach

A multimetric approach, using 21 metrics representing five categories — abundance, composition, richness, diversity and biotic indices — was applied to investigate the impacts of water quality deterioration on macro-invertebrate communities in the Swartkops River. Macroinvertebrates were sampled seasonally between August 2009 and July 2010 using the South African Scoring System version 5 (SASS5) protocol at one reference site upstream of Uitenhage and three downstream sites. Assessment of water quality impacts on macroinvertebrates was based on the discriminatory ability of metrics between the reference and impaired sites, and on their correlation with the physico-chemical variables. The metrics’ discriminatory ability was explored using box plots, and their relationships with water chemistry variables elucidated with Pearson's correlation. Trichoptera abundance, %Chironomidae + Oligochaeta, %Ephemeroptera–Trichoptera–Odonata–Coleoptera (ETOC), %Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera–Plecoptera–Trichoptera (EPT) rich...