Direct electrochemistry of proteins and nucleic acids: the focus on 3D structure

Abstract The current knowledge regarding direct electrochemistry of proteins and nucleic acids on solid electrodes is reviewed and discussed from the point of view of their 3D structure. The accent on the spatial organization of these biopolymers allows for deeper understanding of their redox transformations and for making some parallels with redox processes in living systems. The 3D concept of biopolymer electrochemistry is presented as having the evident practical potential, enabling to register such molecular events as complex formation, aggregation, and degradation, as well as post-translational or post-replicative modifications of proteins and nucleic acids, which are closely connected to various biochemical processes in health and disease. This mini review aims at drawing attention of bioelectrochemical community to problems related to the interpretation of oxidation signals from biomolecules which are polymeric and possess particular 3D structures. Also, a present lack of systematic studies in terms of ‘structure-properties’ in the field of direct biopolymer electrochemistry, coupled with a deep investigation of reaction mechanisms is emphasized.