A Real Multitechnology Microgrid in Venice: A Design Review

A microgrid currently under construction in Venice, Italy, is part of a plant for testing quasi-zero-emission processes. It has a 400-V ac bus and works islanded and connected. It includes three renewable-source generators and five energy storage (ES) systems (ESSs), based on lithium (Li), lead (Pb), sodium (Na), vanadium, and hydrogen. The hierarchical control uses a master system (Li battery) and slave systems. An energy management system (EMS) with a supervisory-control-and-data-acquisition-like architecture controls the microgrid, providing such features as anti-islanding, lowvoltage ride through, and black start. The EMS performs acquisition, processing, and storage of the data produced by power network analyzers. An advanced human interface ensures flexible operation management and performance analyses. This article presents the design of this multitechnology microgrid, which is part of an industrial pilot plant aimed at promoting a number of decarbonized technologies.