Cold Behavior of Moon Surface Demonstrated by Typical Copernican Craters Using CE-2 CELMS Data

Knowledge of the thermal state will provide essential information to better understand the thermal evolution of the Moon. In this paper, four typical Copernican craters, including Copernicus, Aristarchus, Tycho, and Jackson, are selected and their thermal behaviors are evaluated with the CE-2 CELMS data. The results indicate that: (1) There exists a strong correlation between the $T_{B}$ distribution at noon and the topography. (2) The changes of the regolith thermophysical parameters with depth are rather complex in the four typical craters. (3) The $T_{B}$ at midnight is more suitable to study the regolith thermophysical features. (4) The shallow layer of the lunar crust is likely cold.