School canteen construction and canteen meal provision from 2012 to 2017 in schools under the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Eudcation Students

Objective To analyze changes of school canteen construction and canteen meal provision in surveilled schools alter the initiation of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Student (NNIPRCES), therefore to provide data basis for improving efficacy of school canteen meals. Methods From 2012 to 2017, among the 699 trial counties in 22 provinces under NNIPRCES, at least 10% of elementary schools and middle schools with each food supply model (canteen meals, enterprise meals, and family meals) were randomly selected in each county in each year. Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect school canteen construction and meal provision information. The sample size were around 8 000 to 11 000 schools every year. Results From 2012 to 2017, the proportion of schools that have canteens only, have both canteen and dining room, as well as those have canteen and dining room with tables and chairs significantly increased with years (χ 2 = 3 043.95, 6 383.85, 6 731.17, P <0.01). The proportion of schools having canteen increased from 59.5% in 2012 to 87.0% in 2017. The proportion of schools with canteen providing breakfast, lunch or dinner varied across years (χ 2 = 51.85, 144.96, 189.19, P<0.01). The varieties of food groups of three meals all significantly increased during 2012, 2014 and 2017 (χ 2 = 702.30, 892.38, 550.55, P<0.01). The canteen construction indicators, proportion of canteens providing three meals, and food groups included in three meals all significantly differed between elementary schools and middle schools, also between schools of central area and western area ( P<0.05). The changing patterns with year were significantly different in elementary schools and middle schools, and in schools of central area and western area ( P<0.05). Conclusion After the implementation of NNIPRCES, canteen construction and food variety in canteen meals significantly improved during 2012 to 2017. However, there are still gaps between changes of canteen construction and canteen meal provision. It is necessary to overcome obstacles to further increase the proportion of schools with canteen offering meals and the variety of food of meals. 【摘要】 目的 分析“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”启动后学校食堂及供餐状况变化, 为提高学校食堂供餐成效提供 基础数据。 方法 2012—2017 年, 在“营养改善计划”覆盖的中国中西部 22 个省 699 个国家试点县中, 每年按照食堂供 餐、企业供餐和混合供餐 3 种模式, 随机抽取不少于 10% 的小学和初中, 采用问卷调查方法, 收集学校食堂建设及食堂供餐 情况, 每年样本量约 8 000~11 000 所学校。 结果 2012—2017 年, 不同年度间学校有食堂、学校有食堂和餐厅、学校有食 堂和餐厅且餐厅配备桌/椅的比例差异有统计学意义 (χ 2 值分别为 3 043.95, 6 383.85, 6 731.17, P 值均<0.01), 学校有食堂 的比例从 2012 年的 59.5% 升至 2017 年的 87.0%。食堂提供早、午、晚餐的比例在各年度有所波动 (χ 2 值分别为 51.85, 144.96, 189.19, P 值均<0.01)。食堂早、午、晚餐的食物种类在 2012, 2014 和 2017 年逐步丰富 (χ 2 值分别为 702.30, 892.38, 550.55, P 值均<0.01)。中、小学和中、西部学校的食堂建设指标、食堂供应三餐比例及食堂三餐食物种类整体差异均有统 计学意义, 且随年度变化情况整体不同 ( P 值均<0.05)。 结论 “营养改善计划”实施后, 试点学校食堂比例不断提高, 食 堂建设不断完善, 食堂供餐食物种类不断丰富, 但学校食堂建设与三餐供应比例变化不匹配。应尽快解决制约因素, 提高 学校食堂供餐比例, 丰富食物品种。