Simultaneous determination of the lactone and carboxylate forms of the camptothecin derivative CPT-11 and its metabolite SN-38 in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract CPT-11 (irinotecan) and mainly its metabolite SN-38 are potent antitumor derivatives of camptothecin. As the active lactone forms of both CPT-11 and SN-38 exist in pH-dependent equilibrium with their respective less potent open-ring hydroxy acid species, the simultaneous monitoring of both forms of both compounds is relevant. CPT-11 and SN-38 derivatives have quite different fluorescence responses. In order to avoid any compromise on the wavelength setting, we developed chromatographic conditions allowing simple automated wavelength setting changes which have been prevented using existing methods involving conventional C 18 columns. This was achieved by means of a Symmetry C 18 column combined to a gradient elution program using acetonitrile and 75 m M ammonium acetate plus 7.5 m M tetrabutylammonium bromide at pH 6.4. The developed conditions allowed an elution order suitable for a simple automated wavelength change in respect to reliable peak integration. CPT-11 and SN-38 derivatives were detected at λ ex =362 nm/ λ em =425 nm and λ ex =375 nm/ λ em =560 nm, respectively. The developed method allowed the detection of amounts less than 3 pg of each derivative injected on column. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic studies in rat and dog.