Anabolic Deficiencies in Heart Failure

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome characterized by symptoms and signs supported by different forms of cardiac impairment. The link between multiple hormonal and metabolic derangements and the development of CHF and the beneficial effects seen with hormonal replacement therapy suggest that a reduction of anabolic pathways might contribute to the onset of CHF. Therefore, an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic forces could be responsible for the development of CHF. There are sufficient evidence to support the screening in patients with CHF of hormonal deficiencies and their correction with replacement therapy.