Changements hématologiques associés à l’infection de Aeromonas hydrophila chez le tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linné, 1758)

2019 
Le profil de cellules sanguines chez le tilapia Oreochromis niloticus associe a une infection experimentale par Aeromonas hydrophila a ete evalue. A cet effet, un dispositif experimental a trois repetitions a ete realise sur des poissons de Oreochromis niloticus (35,1 ± 11,8 g) infectes par deux concentrations d’une suspension d’Aeromonashydrophila et leurs parametres hematologiques ont ete evalues apres 48 heures. Les globules rouges ont diminue significativement (p <0,05), ce qui indique une anemie. La diminution a egalement affecte l’hematocrite, la teneur corpusculaire moyenne en hemoglobine, la concentration corpusculaire moyenne en hemoglobine et l’hemoglobine. Les globules blancs, principales cellules de defense des poissons, ont augmente significativement (p<0,05), ce qui indique une sensibilite accrue des poissons au stress et a l’infection. Les lymphocytes et les eosinophiles ont augmente significativement (p<0,05). Cette augmentation est une reponse physiologique au stress. Les neutrophiles et monocytes ont diminue, indiquant une reponse au stress et une sensibilite de poissons a l’infection. Ainsi, Aeromonashydrophila provoque des graves consequences sur les parametres hematologiques chez les poissons de Oreochromis niloticus , ce qui justifie son pouvoir pathogene chez ces poissons. Mots cles : Oreochromis niloticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, infection, hematologie. English Title : Hematological changes associated with experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in Oreochromis niloticus (Linne, 1758) Blood cell profile in tilapia Oreochromis niloticus associated with experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila was evaluated. For this purpose, a three-repetition experimental device was performed on fish of Oreochromis niloticus (35.1±11.8 g) infected with two concentrations of a suspension of Aeromonas hydrophila and their hematological parameters were evaluated after 48 hours. Red blood cells decreased significatively (p<0.05) indicating an anemic condition. The decrease also affected hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and hemoglobin. White blood cells, the main defense cells of the animal increased significatively (p<0.05) further indicating sensibility of the animal to stress and infection. Lymphocytes and eosinophils increased significatively (p<0.05). This increase is a physiological response to stress. Neutrophils and monocytes decreased, indicating a response to stress and sensibility of the animal to infection. Thus, Aeromonas hydrophila induces serious consequences on hematological parameters on fish of Oreochromis niloticus, which justifies its pathogenic power in this fish. Keywords : Oreochromis niloticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, infection, hematology.
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