A two-way time transfer experiment via ECS-1 using the MITREX modem

In the summer of 1986, a two-way time transfer experiment using pseudonoise coded signals was carried out between the Technical University of Graz, Austria, and the Fernmelde-technisches Zentralamt in Darmstadt, West Germany, via the European Communication Satellite ECS-1 operating in the 11-/14-GHz bands. Uncertainties on the order of 1 ns were obtained with Earth stations' EIRPs (effective isotropic radiated power) of 52 dBw, a G/T (gain-to-noise-temperature) of 22 dB/K, and sharing the satellite transponder with a television signal. The peak-to-peak fluctuations of the round-trip delays of the Earth stations turned out to be below 1 ns. >