EV Impact on the Residential Distribution Network with Smart PV Inverters

Recently, electric vehicles have been increasingly leading in the field of research. Along with distributed generation and smart charging. The process of loading on existing power system infrastructures with an increasing demand requires appropriate impact indices to be analyzed. This paper studies the impact of integrating Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCS) into a residential distribution network considering smart inverters operating at non-unity power factor. An actual case study is modelled to acquire the nodal voltages and feeder currents. The model obtains the optimal integration of Photovoltaic (PV) with charging stations while considering reactive power compensation. The impact of EV integration for the case study results with two peaks which show 6.4% and 17% increase without considering the PV or smart inverters. Introducing PV power reduced the load demand by 21% and overall line losses reduced 36% when operating at 0.8 power factor. Varying the inverter to PV ratio for smart operation from (1.1) to (2) further decreases the system losses. The type of charging is dependent on the maximum penetration of EVCS's the network can install without system upgrades. Increasing the number of EVCS can cause an increase in the power system losses which is dependent on the network architected. Installing PV reduced the load peak by 21%. The installation of PV with considering reactive power control increases the system efficiency and power delivery.