Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in assessment of cervical lymphadenopathy
2013
Background: Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common clinical problem that confronts us in daily clinical practice. The causes vary from simple treatable infections to malignancies that require highly specialized institutional management. It therefore needs to be speedily investigated. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique that can be used as an outpatient procedure to diagnose them. Aims and Objectives: To assess the various causes of cervical lymphadenopathy through FNAC, and to see the distribution of lesions with respect to age and gender . Material and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a period of 10 months in a major laboratory. The cyto-morphologic features seen in the aspirates were critically analyzed and correlated with their aetiology. Results: In this study, 214 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy were analyzed. The age of the patients ranged from 9 months to 84 years of which 59% were males and 41% were females. Maximum incidence of cervical lymphadenopathy was observed in the age group of 21 to 40 years. The maximum numbers of patients (47.67%) were diagnosed as tuberculous lymphadenitis, followed by reactive lymphadenitis (44.39%), lymphomas (4.2%) malignant metastatic deposits (2.8%), and granulomatous lymphadenitis (0.94%). Conclusion: Our study concluded that FNAC is simple, quick, minimally invasive, and inexpensive technique to diagnose cervical lymphadenopathy. It can differentiate a neoplastic from a non-neoplastic process and therefore influence patient management preventing patient from being subjected to unnecessary surgery.
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