Heterogenous treatment for anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children leads to different outcomes 6–12 months after diagnosis

Abstract Recommended first line treatment in anti-NMDAR encephalitis includes steroids, IVIG, or plasma exchange. However, IVIG is non-reimbursable through Thailand's Universal Health Coverage. This study investigated outcomes from different treatments for anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Nineteen children in three treatments group: steroid alone, IVIG alone, and IVIG and steroid were reviewed. IVIG was administered to 13 (68%) and 6 (32%) only received steroids. Those receiving IVIG treatment with or without steroids had greater improvement in mRS at 6 ( p  = 0.04) and 12 months ( p  = 0.03). Such findings suggest the benefits of IVIG treatment for this condition despite the higher immediate cost.