Manifestations of macroscopic nonuniformities in superconductors with strong pinning in the dependences of the transverse current-voltage curves on the magnetic field near Hc2

Multiscale inhomogeneities in the composition of type II superconductors substantially manifest themselves in properties such as the pinning force and the shape and broadening of transition characteristics. The most common way of studying these manifestations is to detect the dependence of the longitudinal electric field of a current-carrying sample on the temperature, magnetic field, or current intensity. Additional possibilities for a more detailed investigation of macroscopic inhomogeneities of both anisotropic and isotropic superconductors are given by the registration of a transverse component of the electric field. These possibilities are demonstrated by experiments with a cold-rolled niobium-titanium foil.