European intensive care nurses' cultural competency: An international cross-sectional survey.

Abstract Objectives To determine the level of cultural competence of European critical care nurses. Design A multi-country survey performed in 2017 as a part of the European project Multicultural Care in European Intensive Care Units. Method Online survey of critical care nurses in 15 European countries (n = 591) using the Healthcare Provider Cultural Competence Instrument consisting of 49 items divided into five subscales: awareness and sensitivity, behaviour, patient-centred orientation, practice orientation and self-assessment. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed. Results Critical care nurses scored highest for ‘awareness and sensitivity’ (M = 5.09, SD = 0.76), and lowest for ‘patient-centred communication’ (M = 3.26, SD = 0.94). Nurses from northern and southern Europe scored higher across all subsets of the cultural competence instrument (all subsets, p   0.05) except ‘practice orientation’. Previous education on multicultural nursing significantly correlated with higher scores in all subscales (all > 0.01) except patient-centred communication; and visits to other countries was negatively correlated with all subscales (all, p > 0.001) except patient-centred communication. Conclusion Being exposed to cultural diversity in different ways, like living in a multicultural country, speaking a second language and visiting other countries may influence development of cultural competence. Therefore, programmes which facilitate multicultural clinical practice are strongly recommended in nursing education.