Creep Ruptures in Heterogeneous Materials

We present creep experiments on fiber composite materials with controlled heterogeneity. Recorded strain rates and acoustic emission rates exhibit a power law relaxation in the primary creep regime (Andrade law) followed by a power law acceleration up to rupture over up to four decades in time. We discover that the failure time is proportional to the duration of the primary creep regime, showing the interplay between the two regimes and offering a method of rupture prediction. These experimental results are rationalized by a mean-field model of representative elements with nonlinear visco-elastic rheology and with a large heterogeneity of strengths.