High performance electrophoresis system for site-specific entrapment of nanoparticles in a nanoarray
2010
A nanoarray, integrated with an electrophoretic system, was developed to trap nanoparticles into their corresponding
nanowells. This nanoarray overcomes the complications of losing the function and activity of the protein binding to the
surface in conventional microarrays by using minimum amounts of sample. The nanoarray is also superior to other
biosensors that use immunoassays in terms of lowering the limit of detection to the femto- or atto-molar level. In
addition, our electrophoretic particle entrapment system (EPES) is able to effectively trap the nanoparticles using a low
trapping force for a short duration. Therefore, good conditions for biological samples conjugated with particles can be
maintained. The channels were patterned onto a bi-layer consisting of a PMMA and LOL coating on conductive indium
tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass slide by using e-beam lithography. The suspensions of 170 nm-nanoparticles then were
added to the chip that was connected to a positive voltage. On top of the droplet, another ITO-coated-glass slide was
covered and connected to a ground terminal. Negatively charged fluorescent nanoparticles (blue emission) were
selectively trapped onto the ITO surface at the bottom of the wells by following electric field lines. Numerical modeling
was performed by using commercially available software, COMSOL Multiphysics to provide better understanding about
the phenomenon of electrophoresis in a nanoarray. Simulation results are also useful for optimally designing a nanoarray
for practical applications.
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