Ising Model on Planar Decorated Lattices. Frustrations and Their Influence on Phase Transitions

We discuss in the present work the thermodynamic properties of Ising model on several decorated two-dimensional lattices: square, triangular, honeycomb, and kagome. When compared with undecorated lattices the decorated ones show a plethora of new remarkable properties. Among them, a rich variety of frustration effects, the suppression and restoration or creation of phase transitions, multiple phase transitions, partial orderings, several kinds of heat capacity splitting, etc. Possible arbitrary number of decorating spins in a lattice unit cell conditions the richness of phenomena.