Association between Periodontal Health Status and Cognitive Abilities. The Role of Cytokine Profile and Systemic Inflammation.
2017
Background: Contemporary neurobiology, periodontal medicine, and immunology are now
focusing on the relationship between chronic periodontitis and systemic diseases, which also include
Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However a causative relationship between dementia and periodontitis has yet
to be confirmed.
Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether periodontal health status and cognitive abilities
are correlated with the relative changes in systemic measures of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines
as a reflection of systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that poor periodontal health status may
be associated with cognitive impairment and dementia via the exacerbation of systemic inflammation.
Method: Based on the periodontal and psychiatric examinations and the cytokine levels produced by
unstimulated and LPS-stimulated PBL isolated from 128 participants, we have examined if the coexisting
of these two clinically described conditions may have influence on the systemic inflammation. Mini-
Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Bleeding on Probing (BoP) test results were combined into the
one mathematical function U, which determines the severity of specific condition, called Cognitive and
periodontal impairment state. Similarly, the levels of cytokines were combined into the one mathematical
function V, whose value determines the level of Inflammatory state. The correlation between U and
V was determined.
Results: These results confirm that the presence of cognitive decline and the additional source of proinflammatory
mediators, like periodontal health problems, aggravate the systemic inflammation.
Conclusion: It is most likely that the comorbidity of these two disorders may deepen the cognitive impairment,
and neurodegenerative lesions and advance to dementia and AD.
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