Descripción de algunas dietas y su efecto en la reducción de peso, una revisión de literatura

Overweight and obesity are a growing public health concern because they increase the risk of developing chronic diseases. Several interventions were evidenced among these some diets that ensure weight loss. The main objective of the present work was to describe the effect of some diets followed at present that assure weight loss, in adults, starting from scientific literature. For this purpose, it was carried out a literature review of primary studies. Several approaches were observed in each one of the diets, such as the energetic restriction generated by intermittent fasting, the inclusion of healthy and varied foods from the Mediterranean diet, the restriction of processed and industrialized foods from the paleolithic diet, the limitation of the consumption of foods with high content of sodium, saturated fats and simple sugars as it is emphasized by the DASH diet and finally the restriction of carbohydrates as it is pointed out by the ketogenic diet. Finally, it was concluded that these diets have a favorable impact on weight reduction and some cardiometabolic parameters; however, it is worth mentioning that some of these diets are not sustainable in time because they do not generate changes in the modification of healthy habits and on the other hand, they can generate negative metabolic effects.