Maternal depression and offspring's cortisol concentrations in a Brazilian sample

Postpartum depression (PPD) is believed to cause a variety of child developmental problems, including alterations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. The association of maternal depression with children’s salivary cortisol level was investigated in three different moments: at birth (N=58), at four (N=64) and 36-month (N=81) after delivery. Mothers were screened for PPD at four months and for depression at 36-months after delivery using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Through ANOVA analysis results revealed a marginal difference of moderate effect size on cortisol concentration with higher levels for newborns whose mothers would be later screened for PPD when compared with control group. Contrary to our hypothesis we did not find this difference at four and neither at 36-months. Assuming that infants of mothers at risk for depression are born with slightly higher cortisol baseline, this difference among groups could not be verified on subsequent analysis at four and 36-onths.