Indoor thermal environment and air distribution in a floor-ceiling heating room with mixing or displacement ventilation

A hybrid system with a floor-ceiling heating system (FCH) and a mixing or displacement ventilation system (MV or DV) is a potential advanced heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system in the modern buildings. To date, very few studies focused on the indoor thermal environment and air distribution for FCH + MV or FCH + DV. Therefore, in this article, the effect of double heated surface temperature on indoor thermal environment and air distribution in a simulated office room with FCH + MV or FCH + DV were studied. Vertical distributions of air temperature and velocity and globe temperature in the occupied zone and horizontal distributions of contaminant concentration in the breathing zone were measured when floor and ceiling surface temperatures ranged from 25.0 °C to 29.5 °C. Vertical air temperature difference, turbulence intensity, difference between operative temperature and air temperature, and air distribution effectiveness were calculated and compared for all test conditions. The results showe...