Temperature-dependent changes of amine levels during early seedling development of the cold-adapted subantarctic crucifer Pringlea antiscorbutica

Pringlea antiscorbutica R.Br. , an endemic crucifer from the Kerguelen Archipelago in the subantarctic, has been previously shown to be unable to acclimatize to 25C when transferred after several months cultivation under cold conditions.Furthermore, the polyamine composition was greatly modified in such high-temperature-treated plants. The development of seedlings of this species was investigated under a regime mimicking the subantarctic summer thermoperiod (5/10C night/day) and a regime with high temperatures (22/25C night/day).In parallel, the associated changes in polyamine composition that occurred during the first 6 days of seedling life were determined.Marked acceleration of seedling growth and intense cotyledon greening were observed at day 4 in 5/10C-grown seedlings but not in 22/25C-grown seedlings.Seedlings grown at high temperature accumulated agmatine and putrescine, whereas cold-cultivated seedlings maintained high levels of spermidine.Cold-cultivated seedlings accumulated the uncommon long-chain polyamines norspermidine and homospermidine.These seedlings also accumulated free 1,3-diaminopropane, cadaverine, N 1 -acetylspermidine, N 1 -acetylspermine and bound polyamines, whereas seedlings under high temperature accumulated N 1 -acetylputrescine. Aromatic amine metabolism also appeared to be very responsive to temperature: seedlings under a cold regime accumulated free dopamine and bound phenylethylamine and tyramine, whereas seedlings grown at high temperature accumulated free tyramine.The possible relationships between the observed amine patterns and seedling growth under low and high temperature are discussed.