Prevalencia de malnutrición y sus factores etiológicos en hospitales
2012
Background: Malnutrition among inpatients is highly
prevalent, and has a negative impact on their clinical
outcome. The Working Group for the Study of Malnutrition
in Hospitals in Catalonia was created to generate
consensus guidelines for the prevention and/or treatment
of malnutrition in hospitals in Catalonia, Spain.
Aims: The objectives of the study were to determine the
prevalence of malnutrition on admission to hospital in
Catalonia and to assess relationships between malnutrition,
social and demographic data, overall costs, and mortality.
Methods: Prospective and multicenter study conducted
with 796 patients from 11 hospitals representative of the
hospitalized population in Catalonia. Nutritional status was
evaluated using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 method.
Results: Overall, 28.9% of the patients are malnourished
or at nutritional risk. Elderly patients, non-manual workers,
those admitted to hospital as emergencies and with higher
co-morbidities had higher risk of malnutrition. The type of
hospital (second level vs. tertiary or University referral) to
which they were admitted was also a factor predisposing to
malnutrition. Length of hospital stay was longer in malnourished
patients (10.5 vs. 7.7 days, p < 0.0001). The need for a
convalescent home on leaving hospital was higher as well as
the risk of mortality (8.6% malnourished vs. 1.3% nonmalnourished,
p < 0.0001).
Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition is high in
patients on admission to hospital in our community, resulting
in elevated overall costs and higher risk of mortality. Age,
social class and characteristics of the Unit and the Hospital are
the main factors involved in hospital malnutrition.
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