Fatores de risco associados a fissuras orais não sindrômicas numapopulação brasileira: estudo caso-controle
2012
Introducao: Fissuras do labio e/ou palato representam as anomalias congenitas mais comuns da face e, em 70% dos casos, tais anomalias congenitas ocorrem de forma nao-sindromica. Objetivo: Conduzir um estudo caso-controle para detectar fatores de risco associados as fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas nao sindromicas em um grupo de pacientes brasileiros. Material e metodo: Um questionario foi respondido por 60 maes com filhos apresentando fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas nao sindromicas (grupo caso) e por 51 maes com criancas saudaveis (grupo controle). As seguintes variaveis foram avaliadas: idade materna e paterna, disturbios maternos, tabagismo e consumo de alcool durante a gravidez, historia reprodutiva (aborto espontâneo, gravidez ectopica e natimorto), e uso de medicamentos e de multivitaminas durante a gravidez. Os resultados foram analisados em relacao ao risco relativo de cada variavel para estimar o odds ratio, com intervalo de confianca de 95%, e em seguida as analises bivariada e multivariada foram realizadas. Resultado: As analises revelaram que o unico fator de risco mais relacionado as fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas nao sindromicas foi a variavel historia de natimorto, com odds ratio = 7,67 (p = 0,05). O uso de drogas licitas nao se correlacionou com as fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas nao sindromicas. Conclusao: Dos principais fatores de risco associados as fissuras labiais e/ou palatinas nao sindromicas descritas na literatura, apenas a historia de natimorto mostrou significância estatistica na populacao avaliada. Background: Cleft lip and/or palate are the most common congenital anomalies of the face. In 70% of cases, such congenital anomalies occur in a nonsyndromic form. Purpose: To conduct a case-control study in order to detect possible risk factors for nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate in a group of Brazilian patients. Material and method: A questionnaire was answered by 60 mothers of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (case group), and by 51 mothers of healthy children (control group). The following variables were assessed: maternal and paternal ages, maternal disorders, smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, reproductive history (miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and stillbirth), medication and multivitamin usage during pregnancy. The results were analyzed in relation to the relative risk of each variable in order to estimate the odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95%. This was followed by bivariate and multivariate analysis. Result: The analyses revealed that the only significantly increased risk factor was a history of stillbirth, with an odds ratio = 7.67 (p = 0.05). The use of licit drugs was not correlated with nonsyndromic oral clefts. Conclusion: Of the main risk factors associated with nonsyndromic oral clefts described in the literature, only a history of stillbirth showed a statistical significance in the population studied.
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