Effect of 1,4-Dioxane Emulsified Fuel on Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Operating with Varying Injection Timing

Numerous investigations were executed in the past to test the impact of emulsion fuels on the diesel engine to reduce the engine-out emissions and salvage the fossil fuel from depletion. This investigation intends to reduce emission and improve the performance of direct ignition (DI) diesel engines through 1,4-dioxane emulsified fuel along with different injection timings. The test fuel (DWSD) was made with 79.8% diesel, 10% water, 10% 1,4-dioxane and 0.2% surfactant. The surfactant used in the preparation is Triton X-100. The test was evaluated with three different injection timings of 19°, 23° and 27° before top dead center (bTDC), and the results were equated with diesel fuel operating at normal timing of 23° bTDC. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for 1,4-dioxane emulsified fuel was predominant at 23° and 27° bTDC when compared with diesel fuel. Brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) decreased for 1,4-dioxane emulsified fuel at 27° bTDC. Besides, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) escalated in the advanced injection timing. To sum up, except for NOx, 1,4-dioxane performed better at the injection timing of 27° bTDC concerning the performance and emissions.