Methods for Three-dimensional Prototyping and Printing in Reconstructive Neurosurgery

The methods of three-dimensional printing widely used in the Russian Federation are discussed: FDM, SLA, SLS, and DMLS. Our own experience with three-dimensional modeling and prototyping of implants for reconstructive neurosurgical procedures is analyzed. An optimal method for three-dimensional printing of implants by direct laser metal sintering is developed and supported by evidence.